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OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for PCR identification of bullwhip， and to identify the authenticity of bullwhip at the molecular level. METHODS： DNA samples of bullwhip and its counterfeits （donkey whip， pig whip， sheep whip） were extracted and their integrity， purity and concentration were detected. Using GenBank related information， using mitochondrial cytochrome b （Cyt b） gene of bullwhip as target gene， Primer-BLAST online software was used to design specific primer. PCR amplification was performed for whips of different species， and electrophoretic analysis was conducted for the product. PCR products of bullwhip samples were cloned and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The specificity and repeatability of the established PCR method were verified. RESULTS： DNA purity of the bullwhip and its counterfeits was high， and there was no protein or RNA pollution. 1.5％ agarose gel electrophoresis showed that there were obvious target gene bands of bullwhip samples at 200-300 bp， while no corresponding bands appeared in other counterfeit products. The results of DNA sequencing showed that the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment of bullwhip was 100％ similar to that of the bullwhip in GeneBank. Results of methodological validation showed that established method was specific and reproducible. CONCLUSIONS： The established PCR identification method based on Cyt b gene in the study is simple， rapid， accurate， specific and reproducible， and can meet the requirements of analysis and identification of bullwhip and its counterfeits.
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@#Objective To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with eye-acupuncture on cognitive dysfunction on cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods From May, 2014 to June, 2016, 90 trau-matic brain injury patients with cognitive impairment were randomly divided into eye-acupuncture group (n=30), rTMS group (n=30) and combination group (n=30), who accepted eye-acupuncture, rTMS and combination of eye-acupuncture and rTMS, repectively, for eight weeks. They were assessed with Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) before and after treatment. Results There was no significant difference in scores of LOTCA among three groups before treatment (F<0.523, P>0.05). The scores of LOTCA were the best in the combination group after treatment (F>3.789, P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of eye-acupuncture and rTMS is more effective in improving cognitive function after traumatic brain injury than either alone.
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Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems(SEDDS)are a vital tool in solving low oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs(PWSD). SEDDS may improve oral absorption via several mechanisms,however,enhancement of gastrointestinal solubilization of PWSD remains the most important factor of absorption enhancement. This review introduces the methods including dispersion tests and lipolysis tests in vitro as the indicators of potential performance in vivo. The use of these methods in vitro combined with oral bio?availability study is subsequently described,with particular focus on recent data which suggest that the digestion of lipid and surfac?tants present in SEDDS formulations impact on formulation performance in vivo. This review is expected to provide some guiding princi?ples on formulation design of SEDDS.
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Objective To explore the anesthesia effect and influence of combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA)with head -up of 10°on maternal hemodynamics during cesarean section.Methods 120 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were selected,and were randomly divided into group A,B and C,40 cases in each group. Three groups were all given CSEA,yet pregnant women in group A were taken supine position,group B was taken head-up of 10°,and group C was taken head -up of 20°.Hemodynamic parameters of three groups of the following time points were compared,including before anesthesia(T0 ),5min after anesthesia(T1 ),skin incision(T2 ),fetal disen-gagement immediately(T3 ),and operation at the end(T4 ),also anesthesia effect was recorded,and usage of ephedrine and local anesthetic was noted,and adverse reactions were compared.Results Compared with T0 ,group A's hemody-namics in T1 decreased,including systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),and increased in T2 and T3 ,yet there were no statistical differences on hemodynamics in three groups in T4 .Compared with group B and C,there were statistical differences on hemodynamics in T1 ,T2 and T3 in group A(t =3.63 -7.25,P 0.05). Anesthesia block scores in group A,B and C were (2.0 ±0.3)points,(2.5 ±0.2)points,(2.6 ±0.2)points,and scores of B and C were higher than that in group A(t =3.92,4.01,all P <0.05).Cases and total usage of ephedrine in group A were higher than those of group B and C(χ2 =31.43,50.61,t =16.27,20.17,all P <0.01).Cases of adjusting surgical position,and addition of local anesthetic in group C were significantly higher than those of group B (χ2 =23.85,28.47,all P <0.01).Conclusion It has better anesthetic effect of taking CSEA by head -up of 10°, and maternal hemodynamics are more stable,can better meet operation's requirements,also with easier operation,so it is superior to supine position and head -up of 20°.
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Objective To observe any effect when eye acupuncture is combined with computer-assisted cognition training to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction after stroke.Methods Stroke patients with cognitive impairment were randomly divided into an eye acupuncture group (n=30),a computer group (n=30) and a combination group (n=30).The eye acupuncture group was given eye acupuncture,the computer group was given rehabilitative cognition training with specialized equipment and the combination group was given both eye acupuncture and the computeraided training.The treatment lasted 2 months.The Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive asessment (LOTCA)and the modified Barthel index were used to evaluate the patients' cognitive function and daily life ability before and after treatment.Results Before training there was no significant difference in average LOTCA and MBI results among the three groups.After 2 months of training,all three groups had significantly higher scores in both evaluations.Moreover,the combination group's average score on organization ability,perceptual ability,thinking operation ability and concentration,and also their average total score and MBI score were significantly better than those of the other two groups.Conclusions Eye acupuncture combines synergistically with cognitive rehabilitation training to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction after stroke.Together they promote cognition,ADL ability and an early return to normal family and social life better than either alone.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further implementation of national essential medicine system of township hospitals. METHODS:5% township hospitals in a province were collected as sample by using random cluster sampling method, and statistics,comparison and evaluation was made by issuing questionnaires to get health resources distribution status,health ser-vice status and income and expenditure status before(in 2009 and 2010)and after(from 2011 to 2013)the implementation of na-tional essential medicine system of township hospitals. RESULTS:Totally 46 township hospitals were surveyed and totally 46 ques-tionnaires of township hospitals were recycled. Average number of beds in township hospitals increased from 15.1 beds in 2009 to 19.4 beds in 2013. Average annual outpatients increased from 11 200 in 2009 to 16 100 in 2013,and average number of hospital discharge increased from 644 in 2009 to 924 in 2013. The proportion of government financing to total income increased from 25.9% in 2009 to 47.1% in 2013,proportion of drug income to the total income decreased from 54.9% to 29.7%,drug profit rate decreased from 25.5% to 3.7%,and proportion of township hospital under deficit decreased from 17.4% to 4.3%. Average time that residents see a doctor in township health center increased from 0.47 in 2009 to 0.74 in 2013,and cost of average hospitaliza-tion and outpatient drugs decreased from 805 to 718 and 28.1 to 24.1,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of nation-al essential medicine system has no negative effect on outpatient service,but first inhibits then promotes the inpatient services. Na-tional essential medicine system has effectively cut down the financial burden of drugs,but it has no effect on total health burden. It is difficult to realize the excessive rapid rise of health ex-pense by the single implementation of essential medicine sys-tem,and it needs comprehensive reform,collaboration and in-teraction of medicine and health to effectively relieve the prob-lem of“expensive ill”.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide basis for the further implementation of the national essential medicine system in township hospitals. METHODS:By issuing questionnaires,an investigation was made on the basic information of township hospitals imple-menting“Health Ⅺ project”in Heilongjiang Province before and after the implementation of the national essential medicine system. Prescriptions of 4 days in 2008 and 2012 were extracted,statistically compared and analyzed by using random system cluster sam-pling medication rationality was evaluated. RESULTS:40 questionnaires and 3 173 prescriptions were recycled during the investiga-tion in 2009,and 40 questionnaires and 4 197 prescriptions were recycled in 2013. Compared with the township hospitals in project areas in 2008,the proportion of practice(assistant)physicians per township hospitals and the average number of beds were respec-tively increased by 1.5%and 4.6 in 2012. The average kind of prescription drugs was decreased from 2.9 kinds to 1.7 kinds,the us-age rate of infusion was decreased from 46.5%to 30.6%,antibiotics was decreased from 61.5%to 40.0%,two or more kinds anti-biotics was decreased from 18.9% to 4.8%,hormone was decreased from 11.9% to 4.2% and the rate of combined use of antibiot-ic and hormone was decreased from 9.2% to 2.8%;the drug expenditure of each outpatient service and hospitalization was respec-tively decreased 19.1% and 16.4%. There were significant differences(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:After the implementation of na-tional essential medicine system,the medication rationality of township hospitals in project areas has made great improvement,es-pecially on the aspects of prescription drug number,the combined usage rate of antibiotic and hormone,the usage of hormone and the drug expense burden,which reaches the policy targets;although the infusion rate and the usage of antibiotic show great im-provements,there are still some gaps between the current situation and the policy targets;the obvious decrease of the average drug expenditure of each service doesn’t make a relative decrease of the average expenditure of each medical service,which has a little increase.
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Objective To observe the effect of core stability training combined with eye acupuncture on motor function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke.Methods Eighty patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group (40 cases in each).Both groups were given regular rehabilitation training, but the patients in the treatment group also were taught core stability training of their waist and abdominal muscle groups, their shoulder muscles, trunk and pelvis.They were also given eye acupuncture.A trunk control test (TCT) , Berg's balance scale (BBS), the modified Barthel index (MBI), functional ambulation categories (FACs) and the Fugl Meyer assessment scale (FMA) were used to assess motor function before and after treatment.Results At the end of 6 weeks of treatment, all of the measurements in both groups had significantly improved.The average TCT, BBS, MBI, FMA, and FAC scores of the treatment group significantly exceeded those of the control group.Conclusions Core stability training and eye acupuncture together can significantly improve the motor function of hemiplegic stroke survivors.The combination therapy is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
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Objective:To analyze the effects of essential medicine system on revenue structures at primary med-ical institutions. Methods:Data on revenue status and structures from 58 township health centers in Shanxi Province was collected to analyze changes and trends. Results:Along with growing government investments in primary medical institutions, the essential medicine system has fundamentally realized full coverage. The percentage of essential medi-cine revenue to pharmaceutical revenue rose from 20 . 45% in 2009 to 97 . 03% in 2013 , though the percentage of pharmaceutical revenue to total revenue dropped by 18 . 43%. The percentage of fiscal subsidy revenue in total reve-nue rose from 25 . 77% in 2009 to 54 . 16% in 2013 , though the percentage of business revenue to total revenue dropped in general. Conclusions:The essential medicine system requires the government’s financial support. Essen-tial medicine lists and primary financial aid policies should be further improved;doctor reimbursement and incentive mechanisms should be improved as well and unreasonable doctor service pricing and reimbursement mechanisms should be reformed.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bipolar plasmakinetic system in exfoliative tran-surethral resection of bladder tumors .Methods Clinical data of 72 patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were retrospectively analyzed.Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic system was used ,30°viewer,F27 outer sheath was pushed off and bladder tumor was cut .When the bladder filling state ,pushed off bladder mucosa distance from tumor basal 2cm,then electricity cut the exfoliative bladder tumor .When bladder half filling state electricity cut the base of the bladder muscle layer of bladder tumor .Results This group of 72 cases were successfully completed surgery,surgery time 37~93 min,without intraoperative bladder perforation ,slight obturator nerve reflex in 5 cases. The keeping intact pathologic specimens was good for pathological staging .Conclusion Exfoliative transurethral resection of bladder tumors with bipolar plasma is a safe , practical and effective way of operation , which can avoid severe obturator reflex occurred in the operation , and greatly reduce the occurrence of bladder perforation , without TURS,surgical removal of the pathological specimens is specification .
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Objective To assess the value of confocal laser endomieroscopy (CLE) in diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Methods CLE examination was performed in 41 patients who needed further examination because of lesions in esophagus during July 2008 to April 2009. The diagnosis was made based on the features of esophageal squamous cells which was defined as low grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN), high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EC). Biopsy specimens were taken precisely matched to the CLE imaging sites. The result was compared with that of histopathology. Results There were 7281 eonfocal images obtained from 60 target lesions in 41 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CLE were 75.0%, 88.6% and 85.0% in diagnosis of LGIN, respectively, 85.7% ,92.3% and 90.0% in diagnosis of HGIN, respectively,and 88.9% ,96.1% and 95.0%, in diagnosis of EC,respectively. Conclusions It is an effective method for diagnosis of esophageal neoplastic lesions using CLE, which has high accuracy in diagnosis of HGIN and early esophageal cancer.
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A comparative analysis is made on the background and inherent characteristics of the Hospital Management Evaluation Manual,ISO-9000 Series Standard,and JCI Hospital Evaluation Standard.On this basis,the paper combined the three standard systems into a Hospital Management Evaluation Indicator System and put it into practice,based on hospital realities.Such an innovation and effective operation promotes sustained quality improvement in hospitals,in line with the development trends of internatioual certification.
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Objective To study the relationship of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-?) polymorphism with human IgA nephropathy of Chinese Han nationality in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods The A→G single base mutation polymorphism in TNF-?1096 locus were analyzed among 80 normal controls and 79 IgA nephropathy patients by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The genotype frequencies of TNF?* 1/1 and TNF?* 2/2 in IgA nephropathy patients were significantly higher than that in normal controls (x1/12=5.58,P
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the economic efficiency of different antimicrobials in treatment of lower respiratory tract infections(LRTI) METHODS:50 cases of LRTI collected from this hospital were divided into two groups:A,pefloxacin;B,ceftazidime Evaluation was carried out with pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis RESULTS:The total costs were 957 60 yuans and 1 596 00 yuans and the effective rates were 84% and 92% in group A and B respectively An increase of 1%effective rate in group A saved 79 80 yuans in comparison with that in group B CONCLUSION:The therapeutic scheme of pefloxacin seems to be the best one for treating LRTI
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Ojective To investigate therapeutic results of conservative operation with laparoscopy for all kinds of patients with tube pregnancy. Methods 62 patients with tube pregnancy were performed the conservative surgery, fenestration on the position of tube pregnancy or take out embryos from the tube crevice combined with injection of MTX under laparoscopy. Results all of 61 patients' tube were retained successfully. no complications occurred, urine HCG recovered to normal levels two weeks after operation. Only one patient continue to pregnancy and completely recovered after intramuscular injection MTX. 18 patients were carried out HSG 1～4 months after operations. 15 patients' tube among them were unobstructed. Opening rate was 88.3%. Within postopeative four years, 12 patients were repregnant. Pregnancy rate was 66.7%. Conclusions Tube pregnancy conservative treatments under laparoscopy not only is safe and minimal invasion, but also had less complications, therefore it is a more suitable method for retaining the fertile females' tubes.
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Objective To determine if thiopental, propofol and ketamine can be safely used for induction of anesthesia in patients with congenital heart disease complicated by pulmonary hypertension. Methods Eighteen patients with congenital heart disease complicated by pulmonary hypertension were studied. Age ranged from 14 to 31 yr and body weight from 35 to 57 kg. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pethidine 1 mg? kg-1 and scopolamine 0.3 mg. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted through internal jugular vein. The patients were randomized to receive thiopental 2 mg?kg-1 , propofol 1 mg?kg-1 or ketamine 1 mg?kg-1 administered slowly via Swan-Ganz catheter for induction of anesthesia. MAP, high arterial pressure (RPA), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured before induction of the intravenous anesthetics. Results PVR unchanged significantly after ketamine , thiopental and propofol as compared with the baseline value. MAP was significantly decreased after injection of thiopental and propofol. Conclusion Thiopental, propofol and ketamine can be safely used for induction of anesthesia in patients with congenital heart disease complicated by pulmonary hypertension.
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0.05),but the contraction frequency and kinetic index were both decreased(P0.05).In pancreas transplantation dogs,the basic pressure,contraction frequency and kinetic index were all decreased with usage of ulinastatin(P